This is the new syntax for the CSS custom state feature for custom elements. The old syntax, :--foo, is being deprecated and removed. This new syntax, :state(foo), is shipping in WebKit. Deprecation for old syntax: https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/blink-dev/c/JvpHoUfhJYE Spec for new syntax: https://github.com/whatwg/html/pull/8467
The custom state pseudo-class allows custom element authors to expose their own pseudo-classes for developers to target in CSS.